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STEDT #2415

*s-(l/r)əy-t

HEAVY
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleliyprefixsinitiall⪤rrhymeəy-tsuffix)coverL · VLWS

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*ɦit ‘HEAVY’JS-HCST: 110; meso of #2415?
Kuki-Chin*rik-I, riʔ-II ‘HEAVY’PKC #947; meso of #2415?
Central Naga (Ao Group)*rət ‘HEAVY’PCN #192
Tangkhulic*hrit ‘HEAVY’DRM#543
Northern Naga/Konyakian*lyəy ‘HEAVY’
Lolo-Burmese*s-ləy² ‘HEAVY’
Loloish*C-li² ‘HEAVY’

Connections

HPTB*s-ləy-t ⪤ *s-rəy-t ‘heavy’pp. 49, 50, 192, 201, 455, 471

Notes

The aberrant-looking Lahu reflex is paralleled in a number of other etyma with complex initial laterals and the rhyme *-əy: #2409 PTB *b-ləy FOUR, #2412 PTB *g-ləy WIND (n.), #2410 PTB *b/m-ləy GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE, #2413 PTB *m-ləy BOAT, #2386 PTB *g/b/m-la-y BOW / ARROW. See HPTB:192.

Reflexes & cognates298 reflexes · 41 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)7

*Tibeto-Burman(s-)ləy ‘heavy’Chou 72: 413e
*Tibeto-Burmans-ləy-t ⪤ s-rəy-t ‘heavy’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 600

1.1“North Assam”1

Sulung [Puroik]a³³prefixlei³³ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.52

1.1.1Tani1

*Taniɦit ‘heavy’Sun J 93 HCST: 196

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

Damuʔaprefix-jyː-nəmorpheme ‘heavy’Sun J 93 Tani

1.2Kuki-Chin2

1.2.1.1Northern Chin7

Sizangngit hī ‘heavy’VanBik 09 PKC: 947
Thadogìʔ ‘heavy, weigh’VanBik 09 PKC: 947
Thadogíʔ ‘heavy’Thirumalai 72: 54
Tiddimgik³ > gi?³ vi‘heavy’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 346
Tiddimgik³ > giʔ³ ‘heavy’VanBik 09 PKC: 947
Tiddimgik³/giʔ³ ‘heavy’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1

Cho (Mindat)gih ⪤ gi be v.‘heavy’VanBik 09 PKC: 947

1.2.2Central Chin8

Lai (Hakha)rit-I, riʔ-II ‘heavy, weigh’VanBik 09 PKC: 947
Lai (Falam)rìt-I, rìʔ-II ‘heavy, weigh’VanBik 09 PKC: 947
Lushai [Mizo]rìt-I, rìh-II be v.‘heavy, weighty, burdensome, hard’VanBik 09 PKC: 947

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]áprefix rí be v.‘heavy’VanBik 09 PKC: 947

1.2.4“Old Kuki”1

1.3“Naga” Areal Group1

Maringkamorpheme◦rit ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)10

*Aoaprefix-ɹət be v.Bruhn 14 PCN: II.324
Ao (Chungli)-rɯ̀t be v.‘heavy’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 6
Ao (Chungli)a³prefix-ɹət¹ be v.‘heavy’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.324
Ao (Chungli)taprefix◦ret ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)³taprefix¹rɯt v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)ret◦ürsuffix ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Sangtamra◦timorpheme ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Yacham-Tengsalet◦lamorpheme ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group6

Liangmeirip◦bumorpheme ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Puironrit◦numorpheme ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Rongmei / Nruanghmeirit◦meimorpheme ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Zemekemorpheme◦ret◦bemorpheme ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Zeme¹kemorpheme¹rət v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Mziemekemorpheme◦rüt ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic8

Huishukʰəmorpheme-rejʔ ‘heavy’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.204
Kachaikʰəmorpheme-rɐt ‘heavy’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.177
Tangkhulkhamorpheme◦rit ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangkhul¹khəmorpheme¹rit v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Tusomkəmorpheme-hrɯ ‘heavy’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.222
Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-rit be v.‘heavy’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.1.1Bodo13

Bodogilir ‘heavy’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodogilirʔ v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Bodogilit v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Bodoilir ‘heavy’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodoillit / gillit ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 172n458
Bodoillit ⪤ gillit ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 95
Bodoillit~ gillit ‘heavy’LaPolla 87: 144
Bodolilir ‘heavy’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodolír v‘heavy’Bhat 68 Boro
Dimasari◦simorpheme ‘heavy’LaPolla 87: 144
Dimasari◦simorpheme ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 95
Dimasari◦simorpheme◦bamorpheme ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Kokborokhɔmorpheme-li ‘heavy’Tripuri 88

1.7.1.4Deori3

Deori/Deurili²-imorpheme ‘heavy’Jacquesson 05 Deuri
Deori/Deurili²-yamorpheme ‘light (not heavy)’Jacquesson 05 Deuri
Deori/Deurili◦baremorpheme ‘heavy’Brown 95: 70

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte3

Nocteliʔ v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 53
Tangsalʌiʔ v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 53
Tangsa (Moshang)aprefix◦li ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang5

Khiamngan¹²aprefix²³le̥ʔ v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Phomʒiʔ³³ ‘heavy’Burling 98 Phom
Wancholü ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho8

Jingpholi³³ ‘heavy’Liu 84
Jingpho²li v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283

2.1.1Western Himalayish8

Byangsihli:◦thɛmorpheme adj.‘heavy’Sharma 2003: 521
Darmali-numorpheme ‘heavy’Krishan 2003: 407
Kanaurili-kmorpheme ‘heavy’LaPolla 87: 144
Kanaurili-kmorpheme ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 95
Kanaurilī◦kmorpheme ‘heavy’Bailey 11
Pattani [Manchati]hli-imorpheme ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 95
Rongpoli:◦dəmorpheme adj.‘heavy’Sharma 2003: 780

2.1.2Bodic9

Kaikelhi◦mamorpheme adj‘heavy’Hale 73 CSD: 12b.03
Tsangla (Central)chit◦pusuffix ‘heavy’Andvik 93: 143
Tsangla (Motuo)tɕit⁵⁵pu⁵⁵suffix ‘heavy’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Motuo)tɕit◦posuffix ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.7
Tsangla (Tilang)chit-pusuffix ‘heavy’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tshona (Wenlang)liu⁵⁵ ‘heavy’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)li⁵⁵po⁵³suffix ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.6
Cuona Menbali⁵⁵po⁵³suffix ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan18

Tibetan (Alike)rdʑə ɣəmorpheme ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.05
Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)rdʑə mosuffix ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.5
Tibetan (Batang)dʑi⁵⁵pᴜ⁵³suffix ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.03
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)dʑi⁵⁵mo⁵³suffix ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.3
Tibetan (Lhasa)tɕi¹³pu⁵³suffix ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.2
Tibetan (Lhasa)tɕi¹³pu⁵⁵suffix ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.02
Tibetan (Written)lci◦basuffix ‘heavy’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)ldži-basuffix v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Tibetan (Written)ldžid-pasuffix ‘heaviness, weight’Benedict 72 STC: 95
Tibetan (Written)ldʑid posuffix ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.1
Tibetan (Written)ltši-basuffix v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Tibetan (Written)ltśi-basuffix ⪤ ldži-basuffix (<*s-li) ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 95
Tibetan (Written)ltśi-basuffix~ldźi-basuffix ‘heavy’LaPolla 87: 144
Tibetan (Written)lžid-pasuffix n.‘heavy (weight?)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283

2.1.3Lepcha3

Lepchali(-mmorpheme) ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 95
Lepchali-(m)morpheme ‘heavy’LaPolla 87: 144
Lepchaʔáprefix◦lí◦mmorpheme adj.‘heavy’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.1.4Tamangish15

*TGTMᴬliː ‘heavy’Mazaudon 94 These: 883
Gurunglih◦bāsuffix adj‘heavy’Hale 73 CSD: 12b.03
Gurung (Ghachok)lih◦basuffix ‘heavy’Glover 72 GuVo: 12.B.3
Manang (Gyaru)li² mo²suffix ‘heavy’Nagano 84 Man: 409
Manang (Prakaa)²li◦pəsuffix ‘heavy’Hoshi 84: 0435
Tamang (Bagmati)liʱ-pasuffix ‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 807
Tamang (Sahu)li:h◦pāsuffix adj‘heavy’Hale 73 CSD: 12b.03
Tamang (Sahu)liːh◦pasuffix adj.‘heavy’Taylor 72 TmVo: 12.B.3
Thakalilih-wasuffix adj‘heavy’Hale 73 CSD: 12b.03
Thakali (Marpha)²²'²¹liʱ-musuffix ‘heavy’Mazaudon 94 These: 883
Thakali (Tukche)lih-wɔsuffix ‘heavy’Hari 71a ThVo: 12.B.3

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti5

Athpare (Rai)lik◦namorpheme ‘heavy’Ebert 97 Athpare
Limbukɛmorpheme◦liː◦pasuffix a.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Limbuliːpt- vs.‘heavy’Driem 88? LimA
Limbuliːp◦masuffix v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Limbuliːt-(a)morpheme v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

Kulunglis-emorpheme vs.‘heavy’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.4Western Kiranti3

Hayuli-smorpheme ‘heavy’LaPolla 87: 144
Hayuli-s ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 95
Thulungli smorpheme- vs.‘heavy’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang5

Chepangli-ʔomorpheme ‘heavy’Caughley 72 CVoc: 12.B.3
Chepangli.ʔomorpheme adj‘heavy’Hale 73 CSD: 12b.03
Chepangliʔ v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 53
Chepangliʔ- vat.‘heavy, weighty; weigh down; be difficult (met.)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Magarlis-kemorpheme adj‘heavy’Hale 73 CSD: 12b.03

3.2Qiangic22

Muyaɣə³³ɣə⁵³ ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.15
Muya [Minyak]ɣɯ³³ɣɯ⁵⁵ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.15
Namuyiʐɿ³³ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.19
Pumi (Jiulong)lɛi³⁵qɑ⁵⁵morphemeqɑ¹¹morpheme ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.10
Pumi (Taoba)le⁵⁵mə⁵³morpheme ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.10
Qiang (Longxi)(zɨ̀) χuàmorpheme ‘very (heavy)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2628
Qiang (Longxi)zɨ̀ ‘heavy (WT ldźi-ba)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1462
Qiang (Mianchi)dzɨ̀ ‘heavy (WT ldźi-ba)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1462
Qiang (Mianchi)qɛ̀morpheme qɛ̀morpheme (dzɨ̀) ‘very (heavy)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2628
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ɬe⁵⁵ɬe⁵⁵ ‘thick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 813.16
Queyu (Xinlong)ɬie⁵⁵ ɬie³³ adj‘thick’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0980.13
Xumilye³⁵ ‘thick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 813.20
Xumilye³⁵ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.20
Xumimɛ³³morphemelyi⁵⁵ adj‘thick’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0980.17

3.3rGyalrongic2

Daofugɛmorpheme nɮə ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.12

3.3.1rGyalrong45

rGyalrongkəprefix li ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.12
rGBenzhenkəprefix-di ‘heavy’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic11

Nungɑ³¹prefixḷɿ⁵⁵ɛ³¹morpheme ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.21
Anongɑ³¹prefixʅɿ⁵⁵ɛ³¹morpheme ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.44
Anongəprefix li ‘heavy’LaPolla 87: 144
Anongəprefix◦li ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 95
Rawangəprefix◦li³³ wɛ³¹morpheme ‘heavy’LaPolla 03: 1038
Rawangəprefix◦li³³ ɕi³¹morpheme wɛ³³morpheme ‘heavy’LaPolla 03: 1038
Dulongɑ³¹prefixli⁵³ ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.20
Trung [Dulong]ɑ³¹prefixli⁵³ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.46
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)a³¹prefix li⁵³ ‘heavy’LaPolla 87: 144
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)a³¹prefix li⁵³ ‘heavy’LaPolla 87: 144
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ɑ³¹prefixli⁵³ ‘heavy’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.2Loloish1

*LoloishC-li² ‘heavy’Bradley 79 PLo: 564

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish17

Lalojì ‘heavy’Björverud 94
Nusu (Northern)li³⁵ ‘heavy’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)li⁵⁵ ‘heavy’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)li⁵⁵ɑ³¹morpheme ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.45
Yi (Liangshan)a³⁴prefixlɿ³³ ‘heavy (weight); slow’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)ɬɯ²¹ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.25
Yi (Nanjian)l̩(ɿ)²¹ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.23
Yi (Xide)a⁴⁴prefixl̩(ɿ)³³ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.21
Yi (Xide)ɑ³⁴prefixl̩³³ ‘heavy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1014.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish14

Jinuoɬi³³ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.34
Jinuo (Youle)ɬi⁴⁴ ‘heavy’Gai 86
Lahuhɔ̌n ‘heavy’Benedict 72 STC: 91n263
Lisulì v.i.‘heavy’Weidert 87 TBTo: 283
Lisu (Northern)li²¹ V‘heavy; gravity’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuli³¹ ‘heavy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 830.27
Lisu (Central)li⁵ ‘heavy’Fraser 22

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish2

Mpili¹ ‘heavy’Srinuan 76
Silaa21prefix li21 ‘heavy’Kato 08 Lao: 248

6.2Naxi2

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2415, *s-(l/r)əy-t ‘HEAVY’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2415
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#095, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2415,
  title  = {{*s-(l/r)əy-t 'HEAVY'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2415},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2415}
}