*(k/g)yal

BACK (lower) / BUTTOCKS / HIPS

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlekelinitialkrhymeel ⪤ gelcoverK · L

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*khel ‘HIP / LOINS’PKC #448

Connections

Allofam*m-kal ⪤ *s-gal ‘BACK (lower) / KIDNEY / LOAD / CARRY’

Poss. allofam*krya(t/n) ‘WAIST / LOINS’

Notes

The PKC etymon *kal (a meso-root of #201 PTB *m-kal ⪤ *s-gal BACK (lower) / KIDNEY / LOAD / CARRY) definitely seems related to this root, perhaps pointing to a PKC variant *k(y)al.

Reflexes & cognates21 reflexes · 9 subgroups

1.1.1.1Western Tani2

Galouprefix◦gi-aprefix◦lo#238 PTB *g-r(w/y)a(ŋ/k) ‘BONE / SKELETON’PTani *loŋ ‘BONE’ ‘backbone’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Miri, Hillkel◦lo#238 PTB *g-r(w/y)a(ŋ/k) ‘BONE / SKELETON’PTani *loŋ ‘BONE’ ‘backbone’Simon 76 Miri

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinkhel ‘HIP / LOINS’VanBik 09 PKC: 448

1.2.1.1Northern Chin1

Sizanghkeal ngūmorpheme ‘hip, side of hip’VanBik 09 PKC: 448

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1

Cho (Mindat)khei ‘loins’VanBik 09 PKC: 448

1.2.2Central Chin3

Lai (Hakha)khêl ‘hip’VanBik 09 PKC: 448

Lushai [Mizo]khel ‘hip’Matisoff 87 BP

Lushai [Mizo]khêl n‘hips, the side of the upper part of the thigh’VanBik 09 PKC: 448

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Lalung [Tiwa]iang#208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’MesorootsPKC *yaaŋ ‘BACK / SPINE’Allofams4 #208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’4 #212 PTB *dal ‘LOWER BACK / WAIST / LOINS’◦gul sir#234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘backbone / spine’Balawan 65: 30

1.7.1.2Garo5

Garocaŋ#208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’MesorootsPKC *yaaŋ ‘BACK / SPINE’Allofams4 #208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’4 #212 PTB *dal ‘LOWER BACK / WAIST / LOINS’◦kil n.‘back’Weidert 87 TBTo: 2

Garojaŋ#208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’MesorootsPKC *yaaŋ ‘BACK / SPINE’Allofams4 #208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’4 #212 PTB *dal ‘LOWER BACK / WAIST / LOINS’-gir ‘back’Matisoff 87 BP

Garo (Bangladesh)jang#208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’MesorootsPKC *yaaŋ ‘BACK / SPINE’Allofams4 #208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’4 #212 PTB *dal ‘LOWER BACK / WAIST / LOINS’-gil ‘back, back side, back of body, back of almost anything, green "back" edge of bamboo strip, back of an insect, bottom of a banana leaf’Burling 92 GaBa

Garo (Bangladesh)jang#208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’MesorootsPKC *yaaŋ ‘BACK / SPINE’Allofams4 #208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’4 #212 PTB *dal ‘LOWER BACK / WAIST / LOINS’-gil bol#3329 PTB *(p/b)al ‘BACK’-gru#233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘backbone’Burling 92 GaBa

Garo (Bangladesh)jang#208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’MesorootsPKC *yaaŋ ‘BACK / SPINE’Allofams4 #208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’4 #212 PTB *dal ‘LOWER BACK / WAIST / LOINS’-gil-nisuffix bol#3329 PTB *(p/b)al ‘BACK’-gru#233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘backbone’Burling 92 GaBa

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Chairelyɑ̀#208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’MesorootsPKC *yaaŋ ‘BACK / SPINE’Allofams4 #208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’4 #212 PTB *dal ‘LOWER BACK / WAIST / LOINS’ ŋēl ‘back’Luce 85: K.60

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang7

Chepangkil ‘joint of hip’Weidert 87 TBTo: 2

Chepangkil ‘hip joint’Matisoff 87 BP

Chepangkil n.‘hip joint’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangkil ‘hip’Caughley 72 CVoc: 2.A.44

Chepang (Eastern)kil ‘hip joint’Caughley 90 CheQ: 5.8.2

Kham'pa#410 PTB *m-(p/b)a ‘HIPS / BUTTOCKS / TAIL’PLB *m-ba²/³ ‘TAIL’◦gil ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP

Khampə#410 PTB *m-(p/b)a ‘HIPS / BUTTOCKS / TAIL’PLB *m-ba²/³ ‘TAIL’◦gil ‘buttock’Watters 89 KhQ: 2.A.45

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #202, *(k/g)yal ‘BACK (lower) / BUTTOCKS / HIPS’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/202

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-202,
  title  = {{*(k/g)yal 'BACK (lower) / BUTTOCKS / HIPS'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #202},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/202}
}