STEDT #568
*p(r)ak ⪤ *r-pak
SHOULDER
Reconstruction analysis
handleprakinitialp(r)rhymeak ⪤ r-pcoverP · VLT
Connections
Poss. allofam#567
Chinese comparandum
胉 OC *pɑ̂k, GSR #782m-n ‘shoulder blade’; Schuessler 2007:170 *prâk; B & S 2011: *pʰˁak; Mand. bó.
膊 OC *p’ɑ̂k, GSR #771l ‘dismember; shoulder blade’; Schuessler 2007:170 *phâk; B & S 2011: *pʰˁak; Mand. pò.
膊 OC (*bɑ̂k), GSR #771l ‘shoulder blade’; Schuessler 2007:170 *pâk; Mand. bó.
Reflexes & cognates107 reflexes · 22 subgroups
1.1.2Deng2
1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1
Awa Khumile³#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’pɑh² ‘shoulder’Luce 85: R.26
1.2.4“Old Kuki”1
Kom Remaŋ#3345 PKC *aŋ ‘SHOULDER’◦ru#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ pek ‘shoulder blade / scapula’Toba 91 KRQ: 5.3.1
1.7.1.2Garo2
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang8
1.7.3.1Jingpho16
Jingphokəprefix◦hpàq shingmorpheme◦ban#745 PTB *ban ‘ARM / HAND / SHOULDER’PKC *ɓaan ‘ARM’PTk *paan ‘HAND / ARM’ ‘shoulder blade / scapula’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingpholə#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’◦hpàʔ ‘shoulder’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingpholə#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’◦phàʔ ‘shoulder’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 399
1.7.3.2Asakian1
2.1.2.1Tibetan14
Tibetan (Batang)tʂhɑ⁵⁵pa⁵³suffixŋgo⁵⁵morphemekhᴜ⁵³morpheme v.‘shoulder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1473.03
Tibetan (Written)pʻrag-goŋ#240 PTB *k(w)aŋ ‘ARM (upper) / WING’ ‘upper arm’WT dpun̊-pa rkan̊ also means ‘upper arm’, but is to be analyzed as “shoulder’s leg” (dpun̊-pa ‘shoulder’). Perhaps the girth of the upper arm reminded speakers of a leg.Jäschke 1881: 353-4
Tibetan (Written)sku#2 PTB *s-kəw ‘BODY / CHEST / THORAX / CORPSE’-pʻrag ‘shoulder (resp.)’Matisoff 87 BP
2.1.4Tamangish1
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti11
Yakhaphak◦kaumorpheme◦muŋ#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘mane (of horse, lion)’Kohn 90: 8.1.6
Yakhaphak◦taŋ#3343 PTB *t(w)a(ŋ/k) ‘SHOULDER’ seːŋmorpheme◦kwɔk#3350 PTB *l/k-wak ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder blade / scapula’Kohn 90: 5.3.1
2.3.2Southern Kiranti4
2.3.3Central Kiranti3
2.3.4Western Kiranti1
3.2Qiangic2
3.3.1rGyalrong17
rGyalrong (Maerkang)(tɐnmorpheme tɐnmorpheme) kɑprefix mɑmorpheme rpɑk v.‘carry (sthg.) with a pole on t’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1676.11
rGyalrong (Eastern)taprefix◦r̥pak ʃɐre#234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘shoulder blade / scapula’Sun H 91 rEQ: 5.3.1
rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦r̥pa ɕɛru#234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘shoulder blade / scapula’Sun H 91 rNQ: 5.3.1
6.1Lolo-Burmese1
6.1.2.2Central Loloish4
Ahipʻɑ²² ɣɯ²¹#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘shoulder blade / scapula’Luo 90: 5.3.1
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish13
Akhaba˰ pu#3344 PTB *baw ‘SHOULDER’PCN *puʔ ‘SHOULDER’ (pu)#3344 PTB *baw ‘SHOULDER’PCN *puʔ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Matisoff 87 BP
Akha (Yunnan)làq#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’ bjaq ‘shoulder’Hansson 89 AHKP: 472
Hani (Dazhai)ba̱³¹ ta̱³¹#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Dazhai)ba̱³¹ta̱³¹#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.31
Hani (Caiyuan)pa̱³¹ tʰa̱³¹#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Caiyuan)pa̱³¹tha̱³¹#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.30
Hani (Wordlist)bbavq◦davq#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Hansson 89 AHKP: 472
7Karenic3
9.0.1Old Chinese2
9.0.2Middle Chinese1
9.0.3Modern Chinese2
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #568,
*p(r)ak ⪤ *r-pak ‘SHOULDER’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/568Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: KEEP 6/2012
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-568,
title = {{*p(r)ak ⪤ *r-pak 'SHOULDER'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #568},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/568}
}