STEDT
The Body  ›  Head and Face  ›  Nose  ›  Smell
STEDT #1415

*m/s-nam

SMELL
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlem/s-naprefixm/sinitialnrhymeamcoverM · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*nam ‘SMELL (v.)’JS-HCST: 171
Kuki-Chin*nam ‘SMELL (v.)’PKC #835
Central Chin*hniim ‘SNIFF / SMELL (v.)’PKC #904 ("PCC")
Central Naga (Ao Group)*m-hnaːm ‘SMELL / STINK’PCN #116
Tangkhulic*nam ‘SMELL’DRM#442
Karenic*(h)nɨmᴬ ‘SMELL (v.)’TL#263

Connections

HPTB*m/s-nam ‘smell’pp. 103, 119, 250, 251

Notes

This etymon could take either the *m- prefix, originally giving the meaning HAVE AN ODOR, or the *s- prefix, with the meaning SNIFF, SMELL SOMETHING.

Reflexes & cognates537 reflexes · 52 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)6

*Tibeto-Burmans-nam ⪤ *m-nam ‘smell (vt.)’LaPolla 87: 64

1.1“North Assam”1

1.1.1Tani1

*Taninam v‘smell’Sun J 93 HCST: 375

1.1.1.1Western Tani46

Apataninem-basuffix ‘odor’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataninéŋ v‘smell’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanineŋ-kamorpheme v‘smell’Sun J 93 HCST
Apataninéŋ-xamorpheme ‘give off odor’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani¹nem◦²pamorpheme (¹) v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 855
Bengninam v‘smell’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengninam ‘smell’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengninam-buːmorpheme ‘smell, odor’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengninam-čɯːmorpheme ‘stinky (with urine odor)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengninam-nik ‘fragrance’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengninam-rukmorpheme ‘stench’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarnam v‘smell’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokarnam jaŋmorpheme ‘stinking / smelly’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1070.24
Bokarnam(-kɯmorpheme) v‘smell’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarnam-jaŋmorpheme ‘stinky’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobanam ‘smell (with nose)’Sun H 80 MLD
Bokar Lhobanam jaŋmorpheme ‘stinky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 894.51
Galo`nam◦namsuffix vt.‘smell’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`nam◦suumorpheme adj.‘foul (smelling)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`nam◦suumorpheme n.‘stench’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`nam◦suumorpheme adj.‘stinky’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`naŋ◦kɨrmorpheme n.‘body odor’GLDC 09 Galo
Galonam-kenmorpheme-namorpheme ‘fragrance’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galonam-sumorpheme-nammorpheme v‘stink’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galonam-yamorpheme-nammorpheme v‘stink’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Miri, Hillnam-namsuffix ‘smell’Simon 76 Miri
Miri, Hillnom◦rɯmorpheme ‘bad-smelling’Simon 76 Miri

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani5

Damunam-momorpheme-duŋmorpheme ‘fragrant’Sun J 93 Tani
Damunam-ɕiŋmorpheme ‘stinky’Sun J 93 Tani
Milangalemorpheme nam-mamorpheme ‘smell’Tayeng 76 Mil

1.1.2Deng15

Darang [Taraon]hingmorpheme-na:ng ‘fragrance’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]hingmorpheme-na:ng ‘smell’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]nang-ka:ra:morpheme ‘stink’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]n̥n⁵⁵ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.22
Darang [Taraon]n̥n⁵⁵ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.49
Darang [Taraon]nɯŋ³⁵ ‘smell, sniff’Sun H 80 MLD
Darang [Taraon]ta:pímorpheme-na:ng ‘smell of flower’Anonymous xx Tar
Idunu⁵⁵ v‘smell / sniff’Sun H 91 IduQ: 3.5.9
Idunu⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.50
Idunɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.50
Yidunu⁵⁵ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.25
Yidunɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.25
Yidunɯŋ⁵⁵mɑ³¹morpheme ‘savory / appetizing’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1071.25

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinnam ‘SMELL (v.)’VanBik 09 PKC: 835

1.2.1.1Northern Chin9

Sizangnam hī ‘smell’VanBik 09 PKC: 835
Thadonǎm-I, nàm-II ‘smell’VanBik 09 PKC: 835
Tiddim-nam/ˋnam vi‘smelly / smell’Henderson 65 TidC
Tiddimnám v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 72
Tiddimnâm v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 72
Tiddimnam³ > nap³ ‘smell’VanBik 09 PKC: 835
Tiddimnam³ > nap³ v‘smell’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1169
Tiddimnan¹ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Tiddimˋnam/ˍnap vt‘smell’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1

Wakungmᵊnãn ‘smell’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 119

1.2.2Central Chin13

*Central Chinhniim ‘SNIFF / SMELL (v.)’VanBik 09 PKC: 904
Lai (Falam)hnìim-I, hnîm-II v‘smell, to sniff’VanBik 09 PKC: 904
Lai (Hakha)hnǐim-I, hnimʔ-II v‘sniff, to smell’VanBik 09 PKC: 904
Lai (Hakha)nâm-I, nǎm-II ‘smell’VanBik 09 PKC: 835
Lai (Falam)nǎm-I, nàm-II ‘smell’VanBik 09 PKC: 835
Lai (Hakha)nam⁵ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Lushai [Mizo]hnìim v.t.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 252
Lushai [Mizo]hnìim v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 72
Lushai [Mizo]hnìim-I, hnîim-II v‘smell’VanBik 09 PKC: 904
Lushai [Mizo]nám v‘smell of, to reek of, to give forth a smell’VanBik 09 PKC: 835

1.2.4“Old Kuki”2

Lamkangkʌprefix◦pʌprefix◦níim v.t.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 252
Moyonnmʌ́m ~ nmʌnʌ́m v‘smell / sniff’Kosha 90: 3.5.9

1.3“Naga” Areal Group1

Maringnam ‘smell’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)15

*Central Nagam-hnaːm ‘SMELL / STINK’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.116
Ao (Chungli)mə²nəm² v.‘smell, emit a smell’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.236
Ao (Chungli)mɯ̄nɯ̄m v.‘smell’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 2
Ao (Chungli)tashimorpheme◦nem v‘stink’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)məhnəm v.‘smell [smelled]’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagan̩¹-nan¹- v.‘be stinky, emit a bad smell’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.116
Sangtamnyüm v‘stink’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrümünim ‘smell’Kumar 73 Yim: 76
Yimchungrümünim v.‘smell’Kumar 73 Yim: 95

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group2

Khezhatemorpheme◦nhi v.‘smell / sniff’Yabu 94 Khö: 3.5.9

1.3.3Zeme Group7

Liangmeiparimmorpheme, manam ‘smell’Marrison 67 Naga
Maramkrimamorpheme-nam◦lakmorpheme ‘smell’Marrison 67 Naga
Puironmamorpheme◦nam ‘smell’Marrison 67 Naga
Zemenam v‘stink’Marrison 67 Naga
Zemenam◦gaimorpheme ‘smell’Marrison 67 Naga
Zeme³kemorpheme¹nmorpheme¹nam v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 205
Mziemen'nam v‘stink’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic13

Huishukəmorpheme-məmorpheme-nam v.‘smell / sniff’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.048
Kachaikʰəmorpheme-ŋəmorpheme-nam v.‘smell / sniff’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.053
Tangkhulkhəŋmorpheme◦əprefix◦nam ‘smell’Benedict 72 STC: 119n330
Tangkhulnəm ‘smell’Bhat 69 TNV: 97
Tusomkʰəmorpheme-nõ v.‘smell / sniff’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.061
Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-ŋəmorpheme-nɐm ‘smell’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei4

Meitheimənəm nəm◦bəsuffix v.‘smell / sniff’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.5.9
Meitheinam◦thimorpheme v‘stink’Marrison 67 Naga
Meitheinəm v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 205

1.5Mikir [Karbi]9

Mikir [Karbi]ingmorpheme◦nim ‘smell’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦nìm- (àtmorpheme-) v.‘smell / sniff’Grüssner 79 BP: 1, 26
Mikir [Karbi]iŋmorpheme◦nim ‘smell’Benedict 72 STC: 119n330
Mikir [Karbi]kaŋmorpheme◦nìm v.t.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 252
Mikir [Karbi]nèm-èymorpheme- v.‘smell / sniff’Grüssner 79 BP: 113
Mikir [Karbi]nem◦somorpheme v‘stink’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]nem◦thumorpheme v‘stink’Marrison 67 Naga

1.6Mru2

Mrunɑm¹ v.‘smell bad’Luce 85: Q.358
Mrunɛ̃³ ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37

1.7.1.1Bodo5

Bodomanam v‘smell badly’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomanam◦prumorpheme v‘smell strongly (bad smell)’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomɤnam v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 72
Kokborokmɛprefix-naŋ ‘smell bad’Tripuri 88
Mechemɤnam v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 72

1.7.1.3Koch2

Atongmanam n‘bad smell, stench’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongmanam- adj1‘to stink’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Nocte¹nʌm v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 855

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang4

Khiamngan¹²aprefix³nᴜm v.t.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1080
Khiamngan¹²aprefix³nᴜm v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 205
Khiamngan¹²aprefix³nᴜm n.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 333
Konyaknüm, pheimorpheme, humorpheme ‘smell’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho14

Jingphomă³¹morphemenam³³pjo̱³³ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.47
Jingphomă³¹morphemenam³³ŋon³³ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.19
Jingphomă³¹morphemenam⁵⁵ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.19
Jingphomă³¹morphemenam⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.47
Jingphomă¹morpheme nam⁵⁵ v‘smell’Liu 84
Jingphomă¹morphemenam³³pjo̱³³ ‘fragrant’Liu 84
Jingphomamorpheme◦nam ‘smell’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphomənam v.‘smell; smell, scent’Benedict 72 STC: 464
Jingphomənam nam v.‘smell offensively’Benedict 72 STC: 464
Jingphonam tr.‘smell’LaPolla 87: 64
Jingphonam v.‘taste / smell, as of spices’Benedict 72 STC: 464
Jingpho¹məprefix³nam v.t.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1080
Jingpho¹məprefix³nam v.i.‘stink’Weidert 87 TBTo: 205
Jingpho¹məprefix³nam n.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 333

1.7.3.2Asakian3

Ganannɑm² v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Kadunɑm² v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Sak (Bawtala)nɑũ² v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42

2.1.1Western Himalayish2

Bunannum◦camorpheme v‘smell / sniff’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 3.5.9
Kanaurigamorpheme◦ṇöm n‘smell (generally sweet)’Bailey 11

2.1.2Bodic10

Baimaȵy³⁴¹ v‘smell / sniff’Sun H 91 Baim: 3.5.9
Tsangla (Motuo)nam v‘smell, sniff’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Motuo)nam ‘smell (with nose)’Sun H 80 MLD
Tshona (Wenlang)nem³⁵ do⁵⁵morpheme v‘smell, sniff’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)ʂi⁵³morpheme num¹³ ‘smell, sniff’Sun H 80 MLD
Tshona (Mama)ʂi⁵³morphemenum¹³ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.6

2.1.2.1Tibetan24

Tibetan (Batang)ȵ̥iu⁵⁵ v.‘smell / sniff’Dai 89 Bata: 3.5.9
Tibetan (Lhasa)tshi¹³morphememə⁵⁵morpheme num⁵² v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.02
Spitinum◦jemorpheme v‘smell / sniff’Bodh 91: 3.5.9
Tibetan (Written)mnam-pasuffix ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Tibetan (Written)mnam-pasuffix ‘smell’Luce 85: X.203
Tibetan (Written)mnam-pasuffix v.‘smell, stink’Benedict 72 STC: 464
Tibetan (Written)mnam-pasuffix. snom-- v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Tibetan (Written)snam-pasuffix tr.‘smell’LaPolla 87: 64
Tibetan (Written)snam-pasuffix ⪤ snom-pa ⪤ snum-pa v.‘smell’Benedict 72 STC: 464
Tibetan (Written)snom, mnam ‘smell’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)snom-pasuffix ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Tibetan (Written)snom-pasuffix ‘smell’Luce 85: X.203

2.1.3Lepcha6

Lepchanyóm v.‘smell’Plaisier 07 Lepcha
Lepchatŭkprefix-nóm ~ tŭŋ-nóm ‘nose’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchatukprefix◦nóm n.‘nose’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.1.4Tamangish3

Gurung (Ghachok)tʰãːmorpheme naːq◦basuffix ‘smell (sthg.)’Glover 72 GuVo
Gurung (Ghachok)tʰãːmorpheme nãːq◦basuffix v.i.‘smell (flower)’Glover 72 GuVo: 4.B.3

2.2Newar3

Newarnã-swā:morpheme adj‘fragrant’Hale 73 CSD: 12b.27
Newarna-wamorpheme adj‘fetid’Hale 73 CSD: 12b.28
Newar (Dolakhali)nas sarmorpheme- ‘smell’Genetti 90 Dola

2.3Kiranti1

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti6

Athpare (Rai)nams-ue ‘smell, sniff’Ebert 97 Athpare
Athpare (Rai)nam◦ma ‘stink / smell, sniff’Ebert 97 Athpare
Limbunams- v.‘sniff, smell; kiss’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Yakhanaːm◦maːmorpheme v‘smell / sniff’Kohn 90: 3.5.9
Yamphunam◦ma v‘smell, to stink’Rutgers 98: 558.24

2.3.2Southern Kiranti14

Bantawanam v‘smell’Rai 85 BnDs
Bantawanam ‘give off fragrance’Rai 85 BnDs
Bantawanam- intr.‘smell’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Bantawanam-komorpheme ‘smelling’Rai 84 BnDc: 54
Bantawanams- v.t.‘smell at sthg.’Rai 84 BnDc: 54
Chamlinghnaps-(u)morpheme v.t.‘smell’Winter 85: 14
Chamlingnam-emorpheme v.‘smell’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Chamlingnaps-yumorpheme tr.‘smell’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Chamlingnham-esuffix v.‘smell bad’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Kulungnam-esuffix v.‘smell, stink [it stinks]’Rai 75 Kul
Kulungnaps- tr.‘smell’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Kulungnaps-usuffix v.‘smell, sniff’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti8

Duminam- v.‘stink, to smell (intr.)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Duminam◦nɨmorpheme ‘<smell> reek, stink, exude a stench’Driem 93 Dumi
Duminəm- v.‘smell; to stink’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Duminəm- v.‘sniff, to smell’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Duminəm◦nɨmorpheme I) ‘smell; sniff’Driem 93 Dumi
Dumitsaːmorpheme◦nam n‘smell’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Dumitsaːmorpheme◦nam ‘<smell> fragrant (complement of númnɨ "smell")’Driem 93 Dumi
Khaling√nom- tr.‘smell, to sniff’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159

2.3.4Western Kiranti13

Bahingnam tr.‘smell’LaPolla 87: 64
Bahingnam- tr,intr‘smell’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Bahingnam-bamorpheme ‘having odor’Benedict 72 STC: 464
Hayunam vtt (im‘smell, sniff; stink’Michailovsky 89 H2: 84.200
Hayunam tr.‘smell’LaPolla 87: 64
Hayunam v.‘smell’Benedict 72 STC: 464
Hayunam- v.‘smell’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 159
Thulungnem- v.,intr‘smell’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang8

Chepangnam- vri.‘spiced, scented, pick up, be aware of scent or spice, waft (scent)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangnamh- vt.‘sniff (for scent), smell’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangnamʰ-samorpheme ‘smell sthg.’Caughley 72 CVoc: 2.B.2.10
Chepangnamʰ-sasuffix ‘sniff’Caughley 72 CVoc: 3.B.5
Chepangnamʱ v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 72
Khamsəŋərmorpheme-nya ‘sniff’Watters 89 KhQ: 3.B.5
Magarnām-kemorpheme adj‘fetid’Hale 73 CSD: 12b.28

3.1Tangut1

3.2Qiangic23

Muyakhi³³morphemesø⁵⁵morphemenæ³³ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.15
Muya [Minyak]khɯ⁵⁵morphemenɯ⁵³ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.15
Muya [Minyak]kʰɯ⁵⁵morphemenɯ⁵³ v.‘smell / sniff’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 3.5.9
Pumi (Lanping)xə¹³morphemen̥iə⁵⁵ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.09
Pumi (Qinghua)xə¹³morpheme n̥iɛ⁵⁵ n̥iɛ⁵⁵ v‘smell’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Qinghua)xə¹³morphemen̥iə⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.11
Pumi (Taoba)xə³⁵morpheme ȵ̥õ³⁵ v‘smell’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Taoba)xə³⁵morphemeȵ̥õ³⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.10
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tə³⁵morpheme lu⁵⁵morpheme nũ⁵⁵ v‘smell / sniff’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 3.5.9
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tə³⁵morphemelu⁵⁵morphemenũ⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.16
Xumiby⁵⁵morphemen̥o⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.20
Xumihũ⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.17
Xumihũ⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.17
Xumitʂu³³morphememɑ⁵⁵morphemebu³³#5756 PTB *bu ‘STINK / SMELL BAD’n̥o⁵⁵ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.20
Xumiʒẽ⁵⁵morphemerɛ̃³³morphemebu³³#5756 PTB *bu ‘STINK / SMELL BAD’n̥o⁵⁵ ‘fishy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 895.20

3.3.1rGyalrong8

rGyalrong (NW)kæprefix nam nam v‘smell / sniff’Sun H 91 rNW: 3.5.9
Caodengkɐmorpheme-nɐmorpheme-mnəmʔ v.t.‘smell’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengmnəmʔ ‘give off odor’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Maerkang)tərimorpheme kəmorpheme mᴇm ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.11
rGyalrongtʂəmorpheme mɐmorpheme rimorpheme kəmorpheme mnam ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.12
rGyalrongkamorpheme namorpheme nem v‘smell’Nagano 97 GyQ: 3.5.9
rGBenzhentəmorpheme-riʔmorpheme kəmorpheme-mjem ‘fragrant’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic16

Anongphəprefix◦nam tr.‘smell’LaPolla 87: 64
Anongphəprefix◦nam v.‘smell’Benedict 72 STC: 464
Rawangphəprefix◦nam⁵³ [phəna⁵³ mɔ³¹ ɛ³³] vt.‘smell’LaPolla 03: 1468
Trung [Dulong]pw³¹prefixnɑm⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.46
Trung [Dulong]pənam v.tr.‘smell, stink’Benedict 72 STC: 117n326
Trung [Dulong]pəprefix◦nam tr.‘smell’LaPolla 87: 64
Dulongpɯ³¹prefixnɑm⁵³ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.20
Dulongpɯ³¹prefixnɑm⁵³ ‘savory / appetizing’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1071.20
Dulongpɯ³¹prefixnɑm⁵³ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.20
Trung [Dulong]ŋɑ̆m⁵⁵ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.46
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)pɯ³¹prefix naam⁵⁵ tr.‘smell’LaPolla 87: 64
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)pɯ³¹prefix nam⁵⁵ gam⁵³morpheme ‘fragrant’[Source note] (‘smell’ + ‘good’).LaPolla 87: 64
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)pɯ³¹prefix nɑm⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 82 Dul
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)pɯ³¹prefix nam⁵³ tr.‘smell’LaPolla 87: 64
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)pɯ³¹prefixnɑ̆m⁵³ v‘smell’Sun H 82 Dul
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ŋɑ̆m⁵³ ‘fragrant’Sun H 82 Dul

5Tujia2

Tujianã²¹ v‘smell / sniff’Chen 86 TuBQ: 3.5.9
Tujia (Northern)nã²¹ v‘smell’Tian 86

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesenam¹/²/³ ‘smell’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 604

6.1.1Burmish59

Achang (Lianghe)naŋ³¹ v‘smell’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)nam³¹ v‘smell’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)nam⁵¹ v‘smell’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)nam³¹ ‘smell (with nose)’Dai 89 Xian: 2346
Bola (Luxi)nɛ̃³¹ŋɔn³⁵ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.32
Bolanɛ̃⁵⁵ ‘smell (with nose)’Dai 89 Bola: 2346
Bola (Luxi)nɛ̱̃⁵⁵ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.32
Burmese (Modern)ăprefix◦naṁʼ¹ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Burmese (Modern)naṁ³ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Burmese (Modern)namː ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Burmese (Modern)nam⁴ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Burmese (Spoken)nã⁴ (v.) ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)ɕu²²morpheme/nɑ̃⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.40
Burmese (Written)ăprefix◦nám n‘smell’Benedict 72 STC: 89n260
Burmese (Written)aprefix◦naṁʼ ‘smell’Luce 85: X.203
Burmese (Written)hru²morpheme/nɑm³ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.39
Burmese (Written)naṁ ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Burmese (Written)nam intr.‘smell offensively, stink’Benedict 72 STC: 464
Burmese (Written)naṁ-naṁ ‘coriander ( < 'stink' ) ( aromatic seeds )’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)nam: ‘kiss; sniff’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)əprefix-naṁ ‘unpleasant odor’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)əprefix-naṁʼ- ‘smell, odor, scent’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)əprefix◦nám ‘odor’Weidert 87 TBTo: 333
Danunɑ̃ʔ² ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Hpun (Northern)ălíʼmorpheme; nɛ́ ‘smell’Henderson 86 Hpun
Hpun (Northern)nɛ́-ŋmorpheme ‘stink / smell bad’Henderson 86 Hpun
Hpun (Metjo)nɛ¹ (n.) ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Hpun (Metjo)nɛ¹(n.) v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Lashina:m³¹ v.‘smell / sniff’Dai 89 Lash: 3.5.9
Lashi (Lachhe')nɑm³ ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Lashi (Lachhe')nɑ̃² ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Maru [Langsu]nɛ̃³¹ v.‘smell / sniff’Dai 89 Lang: 3.5.9
Taung-Yonɑ̃² ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Atsi [Zaiwa]nam⁵¹ v‘smell’Xu 84 Zaiwa
Atsi [Zaiwa]nɑm⁴ ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37

6.1.2Loloish3

*Loloishʔ-nam² ‘smell bad’Bradley 79 PLo: 513
Lolophonɤ³¹ v.‘smell / sniff’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.5.9
PNLʔ-nam² ‘smell’Chen 86 CS: 147.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish49

Gazhuonɛ³¹ v.‘smell / sniff’Dai 89 Gazh: 3.5.9
Lalonỳ ‘smell at’Björverud 94
Lalony²¹ ‘smell’Chen 86 CS: 147.
Lalony²¹ v.‘smell / sniff’Chen 86 Yi: 3.5.9
Lalosjýmorpheme-ný ‘fragrant / with good smell’Björverud 94
Liphonɤ²¹ ‘smell’Chen 86 CS: 147.
Liphonɤ²¹ ‘smell / sniff’Chen 86 Yi: 3.5.9
Liphonɤ²¹xa³³morpheme ‘kiss’Chen 86 Yi: 3.9.5
Nasune³³ ‘smell’Chen 86 CS: 147.
Neisuȵɛ³³ ‘smell’Chen 86 CS: 147.
Nesunɤ²¹ v.‘smell / sniff’Chen 86 Yi: 3.5.9
Nesunɤ³³ ‘smell’Chen 86 CS: 147.
Noesubi⁵⁵morphemeȵe³³ ‘smell / sniff’Chen 86 Yi: 3.5.9
Nosuni³³ ‘smell’Chen 86 CS: 147.
Nosuni³³ ‘smell / sniff’Chen 86 Yi: 3.5.9
Nusu (Southern)niɛ⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)nɔ³³ ‘smell (with nose)’Dai 89 NusB: 2346.
Nusu (Northern)nɔ³⁵ v‘smell’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)nɔ³⁵nɯ³¹ ‘fragrant’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)ȵ̥ɚ³⁵ ‘smell (with nose)’Dai 89 NusA: 2346.
Yi (Dafang)ɳe³³ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.22
Yi (Liangshan)n̥i²¹ ‘smell (intentionally); sniff’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)va⁵⁵morphemeni³³ ‘smell good (food)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ȵi³³ ‘delicious; fragrant’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ʐɿ²¹morphemeni³³ ‘body odor, having; smell bad (body odor)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ʣi³³morphemeni³³ ‘fishy (smell/taste); taste, fishy’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ʦhɯ²¹morphemeni³³ ‘moldy smell’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)nɯ²¹ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.25
Yi (Nanhua)nə²¹ȵi³³morpheme v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.37
Yi (Nanhua)nɯ⁵⁵ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.24
Yi (Nanhua)ɕyo³³loanwordnɯ³³ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.37
Yi (Nanjian)ny²¹ v‘smell’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Nanjian)ɕe⁵⁵loanwordny⁵⁵ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.23
Yi (Weishan)ɕy⁵⁵loanwordny⁵⁵ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.36
Yi (Xide)n̥i²¹ ‘smell’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)ni³³ v‘smell’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Xide)ni³³ho³⁴sɑ³³ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.35
Yi (Xide)ni³³ho⁴⁴sa³³ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.21
Yi (Xide)vɑ⁵⁵morphemeni³³ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish33

Lolo (Ni)nèu ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Ahinɯ²¹ ‘smell’Chen 86 CS: 147.
Ahinɯ²¹ ‘smell / sniff’Chen 86 Yi: 3.5.9
Ahinɯ²¹ v.‘smell / sniff’Luo 90: 3.5.9
Jinuo (Baka)nɛ³¹ ‘smell (with nose)’Dai 89 JinB: 2450
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)nɛ³¹ tɛ⁴⁴morpheme ‘smell (with nose)’Dai 89 JinA: 2450
Jinuo (Youle)nɛ⁴² tɛ⁴⁴morpheme v‘smell’Gai 86
Jinuonɛ⁴²tjɛ³³morpheme v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.34
Jinuonɛ⁴²tɛ⁴⁴ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.44
Jinuo (Youle)nɛ⁴⁴sɔ⁴⁴ ‘fragrant’Gai 86
Jinuonɛ⁴⁴sɔ⁴⁴ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.44
Jinuonɛ⁴⁴sɔ⁴⁴ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.34
Kucongnv31 ‘smell, sniff’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahuśū#5494 PTB *swa-n ‘ONION / GARLIC’-phu#1235 PTB *plu ‘WHITE / SILVER / MONEY’PLB *plu¹ ‘WHITE / SILVER / MONEY’-nù ‘garlic’Contra DL:1195, Lahu -phu- in this compound seems to mean WHITE rather than the homophonous morpheme BULBOUS OBJECT.LaPolla 87: 99
Lahu (Black)nu˯ ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Lisu (Theng-yüeh)-nē³ ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Lisu (Northern)bu²¹morphemeny⁴⁴ V‘fragrant’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Putao)tsɯ⁵morphemenü³ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Lisu (Putao)tsɯ⁵morphemenü³ ‘smell, to smell’Luce 85: T.37
Lisutʃhi³¹morphemenu³³mi̱³³morpheme ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.40
Lisutʃhi³¹morphemenu̱³³ȵi³³morpheme v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.40
Lisu (Northern)tʃhɿ²¹morphemeny⁴⁴ V‘foul smell; smell; to smell; sense of smell’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tʃhɿ²¹morphemeny⁴⁴mi³³ ‘fragrant; fragrant smell’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisutʃhɿ³¹morphemenu³³ v‘smell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 548.27
Lisutʃhɿ³¹morphemenu³³mi³³ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.27
Lisu (Nujiang)tʃʰɿ³¹morpheme nu³³ v‘smell’Xu 86 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]nɤ²¹ ‘smell’Chen 86 CS: 147.
Sani [Nyi]nɯ²¹ ‘smell / sniff’Chen 86 Yi: 3.5.9
Sani [Nyi]ʑe⁵⁵morphememɪ²¹morphemebɯ²¹morphemenɯ̱³³ ‘armpit odor’Wu 84

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish11

Bisuduŋ v‘smell’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 35
Bisuʔaŋprefix◦nám v‘smell (bad)’Bradley 9x Bisu
Hani (Dazhai)nɔ⁵⁵ v‘smell’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Lüchun)nɔ⁵⁵xu³³ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.41
Côông [Phunoi]hnam v‘smell / sniff’Ferlus 91: 3.5.9
Pyennam31 me45 v.‘smell’Shintani 09 Pyen: 132021
Pyennam45 ‘smell, odor’Shintani 09 Pyen: 203001
Pyenʔaŋ33morpheme nam45 ‘bad smell’Shintani 09 Pyen: 203004

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish3

Pholanɯ³³ ‘smell’Pelkey 11 Phula: 620
Phuzanʌ³¹ ‘smell’Pelkey 11 Phula: 620

6.2Naxi21

Naxidʐɚ³³morphemenv̩²¹ ‘fishy-smelling’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1079.45
Naxi (Eastern)mv³³ v‘smell’He 85
Naxi (Lijiang)ndʐəɹ³³morphemenv³¹ ‘fishy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 895.28
Naxinv̩²¹ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.45
Naxi (Western)nv³¹ v‘smell’He 85
Naxi (Lijiang)tʂhəɹ³³morphemenv³¹ ‘stinky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 894.28
Naxiɕy²¹morphemenv̩²¹ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.45
Naxiɕy²¹morphemenv̩²¹ ‘savory / appetizing’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1071.45
Naxi (Lijiang)ɕy³¹morphemenv³¹ ‘fragrant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 892.28

7Karenic44

*Karen(h)nɨmᴬ v.‘smell’[Source note] Tone A3 in NK and CK suggests a voiceless onset (*hn-) but tone A12 in Sgaw and tone A1 in Pwo indicate a voiced onset *n-.Luangthongkum 13: 263
*Karenhnəm v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 855
*Karen (Sgaw)nə́ v.‘smell’Jones 61: 273
*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)nə́h v.‘smell’Jones 61: 273
*Karen (Pwo)nə̀n v.‘smell’Jones 61: 273
Bwenú v.‘smell; to smell, to be smelly’Henderson 97 Kar
Bwenú ho v.‘smell of roasting game’Henderson 97 Kar
Bwenú-θomorpheme=nú-θámorpheme v.‘smell delicious’Henderson 97 Kar
Bwenú-θomorpheme=nú-θá v.‘have the delicious smell’Henderson 97 Kar
Bwe (Western)nũ¹ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Bwenu⁵⁵ v.‘smell’Luangthongkum 13: 263
Bweʔnú v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 855
Gebahnu¹ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Karenda³¹morphemenø̱⁵⁵mu⁵⁵ ‘fragrant (smell)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1069.50
Karennø̱⁵⁵ v.‘smell’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1707.50
Kayannɨ³³ v.‘smell’Luangthongkum 13: 263
Kayawnɨ³³ v.‘smell’Luangthongkum 13: 263
Pa-Onum v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 855
Pa-Onum v.‘smell’Jones 61: 273
Pa-O (Southern)nuəm⁵³ v.‘smell’Luangthongkum 13: 263
Pa-Onɨ̄m sèŋmorpheme ‘stink’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-O (Northern)nᴜm¹ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Pakunœ¹ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Palaychinýq v.‘smell’Jones 61: 273
Pwo (Northern)nɑ̃³⁵ v.‘smell’Luangthongkum 13: 263
Pwonə̀n v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 855
Pwo (Southern)nə̃ɨ⁵³ v.‘smell’Luangthongkum 13: 263
Pwo (Delta)nə̃⁴ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Pwo (Tenasserim)nə̃⁶ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Pwo (Bassein)nə̀n v.‘smell’Jones 61: 273
Pwo (Moulmein)nə̀n v.‘smell’Jones 61: 273
Sgawnə¹ v.‘smell’Luce 85: F.42
Sgaw⁴nø v.i.‘smell’Weidert 87 TBTo: 855
Sgaw (Bassein)nə́ v.‘smell’Jones 61: 273
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)nø̱⁵⁵ ‘smell (with nose)’Dai 89 KarB: 2450
Sgaw (Moulmein)nə́ v.‘smell’Jones 61: 273
Karen (Sgaw/Yue)nə⁵⁵ ‘smell (with nose)’Dai 89 KarA: 2450

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1415, *m/s-nam ‘SMELL’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1415
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#464
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1415,
  title  = {{*m/s-nam 'SMELL'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1415},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1415}
}