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STEDT #35

*s-nya-k ⪤ *hyak

FLESH / MEAT
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlenyaːkprefixsinitialnyrhymeaːkcoverM · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*jak ‘FLESH (human)’
Karenic*njáq ‘MEAT / FLESH’
Karenic*hɲaᴮ ‘FLESH / MEAT’

Connections

HPTB*s-nya-k ‘meat / flesh’p. 481

Notes

The allofam hyak is reconstructed in Matisoff 1997:41 (“Primary and secondary laryngeal initials in TB”), based partially on the Proto-Tani reconstruction in J. Sun (1993), with the addition of Karbi and Meithei reflexes.

Chinese comparandum

Comment: Cf. 肉 ròu ‘meat, flesh’, a comparandum for #2510 PTB *now TENDER / SOFT.

Reflexes & cognates68 reflexes · 15 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)2

*Sino-Tibetan(s-)ńɑ[ː]k ‘meat / flesh’Chou 72: 1033a-b
*Sino-Tibetans-nya(ː)k n‘meat, flesh’Benedict 72 STC: p.190

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmans-nya-k ‘meat / flesh’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 605

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanijak ‘flesh (human)’Sun J 93 HCST: 156

1.1.1.1Western Tani11

Apataniaprefix-jaʔ ‘flesh (human)’Sun J 93 HCST
Apataniaprefix-jaʔ ‘flesh’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniaprefix-jak ‘flesh (human)’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengniaprefix-jak ‘body’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniaprefix-jak mamorpheme-juŋmorpheme ‘short (human)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniaprefix-jak tɯkmorpheme-dinmorpheme ‘have spasms’Sun J 93 Tani

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani3

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]aprefix-jak ‘flesh (human)’Sun J 93 HCST
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]aiprefix-ak ‘flesh; meat’Matisoff 87 BP

1.5Mikir [Karbi]6

Mikir [Karbi]anmorpheme, ok ‘meat’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]ok ‘flesh; meat’Matisoff 87 BP
Mikir [Karbi]òk ‘flesh / meat’Grüssner 79 BP: 33
Mikir [Karbi]ok-hī(ʔ)morpheme ‘barking deer’Weidert 87 TBTo: 188
Mikir [Karbi]ok◦himorpheme ‘deer (barking)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.6Mru1

Mruŋɑ³ ‘flesh’Luce 85: Q.67

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1

Khiamngan¹ñe̥ɪʔ ‘meat’Weidert 87 TBTo: 91

7Karenic45

*Karenhńa ‘flesh, meat’Benedict 72 STC: 128n350
*Karenhńa ‘fish, flesh, meat’Benedict 72 STC: 136n369
*Karenhńa ‘flesh, meat’Benedict 72 STC: 190n488
*Karenhɲaᴮ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
*Karen (TP)jáq ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
*Karen (Pwo)jáq ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
*Karen (Sgaw)ñáʔ ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)njáq ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
*Karennjáq ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
Karenda³¹prefixȵa³¹ n‘flesh / muscle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0128.50
Karenda³¹prefixȵa³¹ n‘meat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0443.50
Kayahja¹¹ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
Kayanɟa¹¹ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
Kayawja¹¹ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
Pa-Ojá ‘flesh; meat’Matisoff 87 BP
Pa-Ojá ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
Pa-O (Southern)ja³³ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
Pa-O (Northern)ja⁵⁵ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
Pa-Oʔəmorpheme◦já ‘flesh’Solnit 89 PaO
Pakudɑ³prefixñɑ³ ‘flesh’Luce 85: I.212
Palaychizáq ‘flesh; meat’Matisoff 87 BP
Palaychizáq ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
Pwo (Northern)ja³³ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
Pwo (Southern)ja⁵⁵ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
Pwo (Tenasserim)sʻə̆⁴morphemeyɑ¹ ‘flesh’Luce 85: I.212
Pwo (Delta)sʻə̆morpheme◦yɑ⁴ ‘flesh’Luce 85: I.212
Pwo (Bassein)jà ‘flesh; meat’Matisoff 87 BP
Pwo (Bassein)jà ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
Pwo (Moulmein)jáʔ ‘flesh; meat’Matisoff 87 BP
Pwo (Moulmein)jáʔ ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
Sgawtɑ⁶morphemeñɑ⁴ ‘flesh’Luce 85: I.212
Sgaw (Northern)ɲa³¹˜ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
Sgaw (Southern)ɲa⁴⁵’ ‘flesh, meat’Luangthongkum 13: 120
Sgaw (Bassein)ñà ‘flesh; meat’Matisoff 87 BP
Sgaw (Bassein)ñà ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)a³¹prefix ȵa³¹ ‘flesh’Dai 89 KarB: 159.1
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)a³¹prefix ȵa³¹ ‘meat’Dai 89 KarB: 554.1
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)da³¹prefix ȵa³¹ ‘flesh’Dai 89 KarB: 159
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)da³¹prefix ȵa³¹ ‘meat’Dai 89 KarB: 554
Sgaw (Moulmein)ñáʔ ‘flesh; meat’Matisoff 87 BP
Sgaw (Moulmein)ñáʔ ‘flesh / meat’Jones 61: 62
Karen (Sgaw/Yue)a³¹prefix ȵa³¹ ‘meat’Dai 89 KarA: 584
Karen (Sgaw/Yue)ta³¹prefix ȵa³¹ ‘flesh’Dai 89 KarA: 159

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)ńi̯ôk/ńźi̯uk ‘meat / flesh’Chou 72: 1033a-b
Chinese (Old/Mid)ńi̯ôk/ńźi̯uk ‘meat, flesh’Karlgren 57 GSR: 1033a-b

9.0.3Modern Chinese3

Chinese (Mandarin)feeimorpheme◦rouh ‘fat meat’Sun J 85 ChGl: 248

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #35, *s-nya-k ⪤ *hyak ‘FLESH / MEAT’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/35
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: Ch. char;STC p.190,GSR 1033a-b
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-35,
  title  = {{*s-nya-k ⪤ *hyak 'FLESH / MEAT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #35},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/35}
}