Reconstruction analysis
handlekoinitialkrhymeocoverK · V
Intermediate reconstructions
Tamangish*ᴬgo ‘BACK’
Connections
See alsoLOWER BACK/WAIST
Poss. allofam*kur ‘BACK (adv.) / BACK (body part)’
Reflexes & cognates82 reflexes · 13 subgroups
1.1.1.1Western Tani4
1.2.2Central Chin2
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)7
Lotha NagaMaN#1107 PTB *man ‘BACK (lower) / BUTTOCKS’◦kvu okupoemorpheme ‘lower back’Nienu 90 LotQ: 5.5.2
Lotha NagaMaN#1107 PTB *man ‘BACK (lower) / BUTTOCKS’◦kvu omhawoimorpheme ‘upper back’Nienu 90 LotQ: 5.5.1
Lotha NagaMaN#1107 PTB *man ‘BACK (lower) / BUTTOCKS’◦kvu ru#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘backbone / spine’Nienu 90 LotQ: 5.5.4
2.1.1Western Himalayish1
2.1.4Tamangish41
Manang (Gyaru)go¹ dᴇ¹#1243 PTB *m-di ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / FLESHY PART / WAIST / BACK’ ‘back’Nagano 84 Man: 040
Manang (Ngawal)³ko-³te#1243 PTB *m-di ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / FLESHY PART / WAIST / BACK’ ‘back’Mazaudon 78 Tam: 46
Tamang (Sahu)'pi#1361 PTB *d/s-pəy ‘WAIST / HIPS / LOWER BACK / BUTTOCKS / TAIL’◦ku ‘hip’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Tukche)'pi#1361 PTB *d/s-pəy ‘WAIST / HIPS / LOWER BACK / BUTTOCKS / TAIL’◦ku ‘hip’Hari 71a ThVo: 2.A.44
Thakali (Tukche)'pi#1361 PTB *d/s-pəy ‘WAIST / HIPS / LOWER BACK / BUTTOCKS / TAIL’◦ku kāhng#219 PTB *k(w)a(ŋ/k) ‘WAIST / HIPS / BUTTOCKS / TAIL / BACK’ ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Tukche)'pi#1361 PTB *d/s-pəy ‘WAIST / HIPS / LOWER BACK / BUTTOCKS / TAIL’◦ku kahŋ#219 PTB *k(w)a(ŋ/k) ‘WAIST / HIPS / BUTTOCKS / TAIL / BACK’ ‘buttock’Hari 71a ThVo: 2.A.45
Thakali (Tukche)koh kuhng#219 PTB *k(w)a(ŋ/k) ‘WAIST / HIPS / BUTTOCKS / TAIL / BACK’ naTimorpheme ‘backbone / spine’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Tukche)koh kuhŋ#219 PTB *k(w)a(ŋ/k) ‘WAIST / HIPS / BUTTOCKS / TAIL / BACK’ nɔʈimorpheme ‘backbone / spine’Hari 71a ThVo: 2.A.32
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang8
Magarkuku◦dhyāng#208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’MesorootsPKC *yaaŋ ‘BACK / SPINE’Allofams4 #208 PTB *dzyaŋ ‘BACK (LOWER)’4 #212 PTB *dal ‘LOWER BACK / WAIST / LOINS’◦garomorpheme ‘backbone / spine’Matisoff 87 BP
3.2Qiangic3
3.3rGyalrongic2
3.3.1rGyalrong5
rGyalrong (Northern)pʰuŋ#3326 PTB *pa(ŋ/k) ‘BACK / BOTTOM / UNDER / BEHIND’PNN *pʰaŋ ‘UNDER’◦bumorpheme təprefix◦qʰu ‘back’Sun H 91 rNQ: 1.4
rGyalrong (Northern)qʰu◦ɕɛru#234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘backbone / spine’Sun H 91 rNQ: 5.5.4
rGyalrongteŋ#225 PTB *m-daŋ ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / TAIL / LOWER BACK / LOINS’◦kʰu ‘back’Dai 89 Jiar: 1.4
6.1.1Burmish3
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish2
Lalolɪ̱²¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’ to³³morpheme ka³³ ‘back of hand’Chen 86 Yi: 6.1.7.2
Yi (Mile)khᴀ³³morphemeko³³dɯ²¹#5639 PTB *du ‘TAIL / BUTTOCKS / BACK’ ‘back (of body)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 258.25
6.1.2.2Central Loloish3
Ahibu³³#163 PTB *s-bʷa(m/p) ‘SWELL / SWOLLEN / FAT / THICK / ROUNDED PART’MesorootsPCN *pəm ‘SWELL, BE SWOLLEN’PLB *C-pwap ‘SWELL UP / BE SWOLLEN / STOUT / CALF OF LEG’Allofams1a #163 PTB *s-bʷa(m/p) ‘SWELL / SWOLLEN / FAT / THICK / ROUNDED PART’1b #1317 PTB *bwap ‘CALF / LEG’ ko³³ ‘hunchback’Luo 90: 5.5.6
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish3
Côông [Phunoi]lᵊ#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’◦kho⁵⁵ ‘back of hand’Ferlus 91: 6.1.7.2
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #211,
*k(r)aw ⪤ *k(y)aw ‘BACK’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/211Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: see 2828,3324
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-211,
title = {{*k(r)aw ⪤ *k(y)aw 'BACK'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #211},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/211}
}