Reconstruction analysis
handleraŋprefixb/ginitialrrhymeaŋcoverL · N
Connections
HPTB*b-raŋ ⪤ *g-raŋ ‘chest / breast’p. 146
Chinese comparandum
匈/胷/胸 OC *χi̯ung, GSR #1183d-f ‘breast(bone); chest’; Schuessler 2007:541 *hoŋ; B & S 2011: (*qʰoŋ {qʰ(r)oŋ}); Mand. xiōng.
膺 OC *ʔi̯əng, GSR #890e ‘breast, chest; breastplate; resist, oppose’; Coblin 86:85 ST *ʔƚjəng > PC *ʔljəng > OC *ʔjəng; Schuessler 2007:574-5 *ʔəŋ; B & S 2011: *qəŋ {[q](r)əŋ}; Mand. yīng.
應 OC *ʔi̯əng, GSR #890d ‘to face, respond; correspond, agree’; Schuessler 2007:575 *ʔəŋh; B & S 2011: (*qəŋ-s); Mand. yìng.
應 OC *ʔi̯əng, GSR #890d ‘ought to, must; rightfully’; Schuessler 2007:575 *ʔəŋ; B & S 2011: (*qəŋ); Mand. yīng.
Reflexes & cognates149 reflexes · 21 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1
1NE Indian Areal Group1
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1
1.1.2Deng4
1.2.4“Old Kuki”2
Moyonbrúŋ mòwr#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ~ bʌrúŋ mòw#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘chest hair’Kosha 90: 8.1.3.2
Moyonbrúŋ ~ bʌrúŋ ~ thʌ̀morpheme◦bàʔ#1255 PTB *(p/b)a(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / LAP / BOSOM’ ‘chest’Kosha 90: 5.1
1.3“Naga” Areal Group1
1.3.3Zeme Group1
1.4Meithei1
Meitheithəmorpheme◦bak#1255 PTB *(p/b)a(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / LAP / BOSOM’-kimorpheme səru#234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ polaŋ ‘rib cage’Singh 91 MeiQ: 5.1.1
2.1.2Bodic10
Tsangla (Central)brang◦tong#289 PTB *m-twa(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / BREAST / RIB’PTk *tʰik ‘LUNG / CHEST’ ‘chest’Egli-Roduner: 33 8
Tsangla (Motuo)braŋ◦toŋ#289 PTB *m-twa(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / BREAST / RIB’PTk *tʰik ‘LUNG / CHEST’ ‘chest’Sun H 80 MLD
Tsangla (Motuo)braŋ◦toŋ#289 PTB *m-twa(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / BREAST / RIB’PTk *tʰik ‘LUNG / CHEST’ ‘chest’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 257.7
Tsangla (Motuo)praŋ¹³ toŋ⁵⁵#289 PTB *m-twa(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / BREAST / RIB’PTk *tʰik ‘LUNG / CHEST’ ‘chest (of body)’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tshona (Wenlang)brɑŋ⁵⁵ to⁵⁵#289 PTB *m-twa(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / BREAST / RIB’PTk *tʰik ‘LUNG / CHEST’ ‘chest (of body)’Lu 86 CuoM
2.1.2.1Tibetan23
Tibetan (Batang)dzõ¹³ buʔ⁵³#1228 PTB *s-pu ‘FEATHER / WING / HAIR (body)’ ‘chest hair’Dai 89 Bata: 8.1.3.2
Tibetan (Lhasa)phaŋ¹³kho⁵²#5364 PTB *kwak ‘BODY / TRUNK’ tir¹³morpheme v.‘throw out (one's chest)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1684.02
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)prang◦omorpheme pū#1228 PTB *s-pu ‘FEATHER / WING / HAIR (body)’ ‘chest hair’Bishop 89: 8.1.3.2
Tibetan (Written)(braŋ khog#5364 PTB *kwak ‘BODY / TRUNK’) ldirmorpheme v.‘throw out (one's chest)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1684.01
Tibetan (Written)sku#2 PTB *s-kəw ‘BODY / CHEST / THORAX / CORPSE’-braŋ ‘chest’WT sku may be freely prefixed to body part terms to convey a respectful meaning (cf. Jäschke 1881, p. 21).Matisoff 87 BP
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1
3.1Tangut2
Tangut [Xixia]ɣɑr ‘chest’The affiliation of this form remains doubtful, although this reconstruction bears a resemblance to the sequence g-r.Nishida 64 Tan: 185
3.2Qiangic27
Qiang (Longxi)ʁó qhuà#310 PTB *k(w)a ‘CHEST’ ‘upper half of body [chest-part]’Evans 99 Qiang: 1082
Qiang (Mawo)ɹa◦hu̥#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘chest hair’Sun J 86 Mawo
Xumiȵi⁵³#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’mu³³morphemeʁᴜ³³ʑu³³morpheme n‘chest’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0093.17
Xumiȵɛ⁵⁵#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’ mi³³suffix ʁo³³ ʐũ³⁵morpheme ‘bosom’Sun H 91 ShiQ
Xumiȵɛ⁵⁵#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’ mi³³suffix ʁo³³ ʐũ³⁵morpheme ‘chest’Sun H 91 ShiQ
Xumiȵɛ⁵⁵#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’mi³³suffixʁo³³ʐũ³⁵morpheme ‘chest’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 257.20
3.3rGyalrongic8
Ergong (Northern)rʁa⁵³ lo³³morpheme rmo⁵³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘chest hair’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 8.1.3.2
Ergong (Daofu)ɦa lɔmorpheme ʔmə#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ŋɑmorpheme ‘chest hair’Dai 89 Daof: 8.1.3.2
3.3.1rGyalrong15
rGyalrongtaprefix ro wamorpheme rȵᴇ#368 PTB *r-(n/m)ey ‘HAIR OF HEAD’ ‘chest hair’Dai 89 Jiar: 8.1.3.2
rGyalrong (Eastern)tamorpheme◦ro wamorpheme◦rɲe#368 PTB *r-(n/m)ey ‘HAIR OF HEAD’ ‘chest hair’Sun H 91 rEQ: 8.1.3.2
rGyalrong (Maerkang)tɑmorpheme ro kɑmorpheme kɑtmorpheme v.‘throw out (one's chest)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1684.11
rGyalrong (Northern)təmorpheme◦ro rme#368 PTB *r-(n/m)ey ‘HAIR OF HEAD’ ‘chest hair’Sun H 91 rNQ: 8.1.3.2
rGyalrong (Northern)əprefix◦ro ɕɛru#234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘rib cage’Sun H 91 rNQ: 5.1.1
4Nungic5
6.1.1Burmish20
Lashijaŋ³¹-kaŋ³¹#2000 PLB *koŋ² ‘CHEST’ mou⁵⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘chest hair’Dai 89 Lash: 8.1.3.2
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish9
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish12
Hani (Dazhai)nɯ³³#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’ ɣa³³ ‘chest (of body)’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Dazhai)nɯ³³#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’ɣa³³ ‘chest’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 257.31
Hani (Shuikui)nɯ³³#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’ ɣɔ³³ ‘chest (of body)’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Côông [Phunoi]ã#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’◦jã⁵⁵ jao#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘rib cage’Ferlus 91: 5.1.1
Ugonghǎŋ khɔ́ŋ#2000 PLB *koŋ² ‘CHEST’ wú#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’/ᴜ ‘rib’Bradley 93 Ugo: 5.1.2
Ugongwᴜ̌ŋ khje̩#2000 PLB *koŋ² ‘CHEST’ mọ̵́ŋ#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘chest hair’Bradley 93 Ugo: 8.1.3.2
6.2Naxi2
7Karenic4
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)tθa̱⁵⁵#32 PTB *m-sak ‘BREATH(E) / LIFE’PCN *sak ‘BREATH’ na⁵⁵#556 PKar *s-nak ‘RIB’ bua³¹ ‘chest’Dai 89 KarB: 120
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)ɣu³³ xɯ̱i⁵⁵#233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘rib’Dai 89 KarB: 168
Karen (Sgaw/Yue)ɣu̱ʔ⁵⁵ xi⁵⁵#233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘rib’Dai 89 KarA: 168
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #288,
*b/g-raŋ ‘CHEST’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/288Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB p.146
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-288,
title = {{*b/g-raŋ 'CHEST'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #288},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/288}
}